Up until ten days ago, I’d never even heard of Fascinating Womanhood, a how-to-save-your-marriage manual-cum-lifestyle popularized by a Mormon housewife in the early 60s. Thanks to historian and author Julie Debra Neuffer, that situation has now been rectified. Neuffer’s new book, Helen Andelin and the Fascinating Womanhood Movement, gives an unprecedented look into the personal experiences and social/political climate that spurred Andelin’s pursuit of an antidote for divorce, the growth of her idea into an international enterprise, and the supposed enemies she made along the way (“…the feminists, the abortionists, the liberals, the BYU Family Relations Department, and the General Presidency of the Relief Society.”)
Concerned by rising malaise among housewives, Andelin considered it a calling from God to find the cure. Concurrently, Betty Friedan made the same observation and famously published her perceived solution in The Feminine Mystique, the book widely credited as the catalyst for second-wave feminism in America. After years of obsessing over the issue, Andelin, however, had come to a much different conclusion than Friedan: To experience happiness in marriage, women should be utterly submissive, defer to their husbands in all things, change their personalities, maintain trim figures, deny themselves of all optional activities, ball their fists and stomp their feet like petulant children when angry, wear ribbons in their hair, and act helpless and dumb. This, according to Andelin, was the only way to a happy, adultery-proof marriage. She even took it a step further – if you fail to take these measures, not only will your marriage fail, but your children will become delinquents, too!
Fascinating Womanhood explains that all women should strive to become the Ideal Woman, who possesses both angelic attributes (a “domestic goddess” with an “unblemished character,” among other things) and human qualities (“radiant health” and “childlikeness.”) This Ideal Woman is named Angela Human. I’d accuse Andelin of being a bit heavy handed and unoriginal in the name, except that she didn’t invent it. Much of Fascinating Womanhood, including Angela Human, was lifted word-for-word from pamphlets produced in the 1920s. Throughout her life, she explained away accusations of plagiarism by repeating her belief that God had put the pamphlets into her hands for the benefit of the world.
A devout Mormon, Andelin spent years trying to secure the endorsement of the church. Despite obtaining audience with several apostles and appealing to at least 4 different prophets by mail (and one – Joseph Fielding Smith – in person!), she never succeeded. The church, though embroiled in ERA opposition, distanced itself from her particular philosophy. Julie’s description of Andelin’s intense, physical anguish as a result of these failed opportunities – feeling that leadership was uninspired, lamenting the red tape that separated her from her spiritual leaders, struggling to remain in the church – was one of the few moments where I ached for her.
But then I reminded myself of the downright harmful ideas she promoted to millions of women all across the globe (3 million copies sold to date, people) and my sympathy waned. To name just a few of the quotes that made my eyeballs bug out of my head*:
“Happy wives are helpless wives.” (58)
“Women’s needs are the same the whole world over – to make men happy, to understand the masculine nature, and to be loved.” (31)
“Love, she said, ‘will never blossom forth until we surrender to a man.’” (33)
“A husband didn’t want to see a depressed wife, taught Andelin, so a wife who was depressed should not be surprised if her husband left her.” (35)
“God, believed Andelin, measured a woman’s worth not by her relationship with him but by her relationship with her husband.” (54 – I assume this is a conclusion she drew from the temple experience)
“[Bottle-feeding] makes it all too easy for a mother to leave her baby for long periods of time to pursue her own self-interests.” (64)
“When a man was cross, said Andelin, whose own husband was often cross with her, he was usually justified.” (36)
Just when I was beginning to worry about the effect the book might have had on women in abusive relationships and wondering whether Andelin ever addressed such situations, there was this: A “success story” from a woman who was physically and verbally abused so terribly that she attempted suicide then spent months recovering in the hospital and undergoing electroshock therapy. After being introduced to FW by a friend, she wrote to Andelin “We have not had an argument in months…And, I’ve been able to go off my medicine.” (38)
This is, of course, an extreme example. Other fans were delighted to report in their own success stories that they’d been gifted things like dishwashers, vacuum cleaners, and a grocery allowance (one woman was even allowed to keep the change once!) as a result of becoming more Fascinating. My personal favorite was from a woman who happily declared that baking her own bread, as Andelin recommends, made her breasts grow larger.
There’s lots more compelling, yikes-inducing information in this book (I haven’t even touched on Andelin vs. feminists, accusations of hypocrisy, major business-decision blunders, and paranoia) and at under 200 pages it’s a quick yet illuminating read. Some might be left wishing for a bit more in-depth analysis, but that’s a testament to this gem of Mormon history in Julie Neuffer’s talented hands. I only have a smattering of minor complaints: I found the organization of the content into six non-chronological chapters a bit of a misfire. It resulted in bouncing all over the timeline, with several bits of information played on repeat throughout the book (at one point I said aloud “We get it! Women were teaching the courses without official certification!”), and certain pages felt crammed into an unrelated chapter just because there was no better place for them. Also, Harold B. Lee is described as the president of the church in the spring of 1971 (he became prophet in summer of 1972) and lastly, I was confused by Neuffer’s statement in the book’s conclusion that women today “are marrying younger and having more children.” Record scratch?
That’s me being hyper-critical, though. I definitely recommend the book. Above all else, it made me want to troll the original Fascinating Womanhood book on Amazon, recruit Gloria Steinem to do dramatic readings of the more ridiculous passages, and go express several opinions to my husband just because I can.
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*With the amount of nonsense emanating from some of Andelin’s quotes, it shouldn’t have hurt my feelings when she said that women who aren’t good homemakers are failures in life, but it sorta did :(
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